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2013年5月30日 星期四

Abbreviation of software release life cycle


公司寄了一份 "Hand Book" 電子檔.. 結果打開來二百多頁 =.= , 這是那門子的 handbook
裡面有一堆的縮寫, 有些是業界還滿常見的用法, 記下來免的聽不懂別人說什麼

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle

  • Release Candidate (RC)
  • General availability (GA)
  • Release to manufacturing (RTM)
  • Golden Master (GM)
  • Product Integration Test (PIT)
  • Service Engineer Group (SEG)
  • Product Development Group (PDG)
  • Core Tech Certification Center (CTCC)
  • Collaboration Project Manager(CJM)
  • Data Center Service (DCS)
  • Service Operation Center (SoC)
  • Service Delivery Team (SDT)
  • Iterative Development Process (IDP)
  • Product and Service Development Lifecycle (PDLC & SDLC)
  • Definition of Done (DoD)
  • Earned Value Measurement (EVM)
  • Web Services Engineering (WSE)
  • Early Engagement Testing (EET)
  • Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)
  • Market Requirement Document (MRD)
  • Product Requirement Document (PRD)
  • Product Planning Committee (PPC)
  • Collaboration Project Manager (CJM)
  • Service Level Agreement (SLA)
  • Proof of Concept (PoC)
  • Service Level Objective (SLO)
  • Software Requirement Specification (SRS)
  • Product Build Environment (PBE)
  • Development Build Environment (DBE)
  • Test Case Management Server (SCTM)


     * 數字代表中間的英文字母數量







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2013年5月29日 星期三

Background Color of Shell Terminal

原本用 Ubuntu 內建的 Terminal, 顏色很正常, 看起來也很舒服




但在用 Gnome Connection Manager 時, vi 的藍色突然變成高亮度, 眼睛一整個看不清楚, 不知道要怎麼解決這個狀況, 於是就想說來調一下背景色


找了一下網路文章
http://www.hanselman.com/blog/VisualStudioProgrammerThemesGallery.aspx
http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2006/09/is-your-ide-hot-or-not.html

最後試了半天, 決定採用 RGB(64/64/64) 這個背景色, 雖不十分滿意, 但還算可以接授
畢竟只是短暫的工作環境




.vimrc


後來同事建議我修改 .vimrc 比較快 XD

syntax on
set bg=dark
set nocompatible
set number
set shiftwidth=4
set softtabstop=4
set linebreak
set nowrap


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Bash Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts

比較完整的在這篇裡面
http://halotis.com/2010/07/06/bash-keyboard-shortcuts/

列一些比較常用的

Moving the cursor

Ctrl + a Go to the beginning of the line (Home)
Ctrl + e Go to the End of the line (End)
Ctrl + p Previous command (Up arrow)
Ctrl + n Next command (Down arrow)
Alt + b Back (left) one word
Alt + f Forward (right) one word

Editing

Ctrl + L Clear the Screen, similar to the clear command
Ctrl + u Cut/delete the line before the cursor position.
Ctrl + k Cut the Line after the cursor to the clipboard.
Alt + backspace Delete the Word before the cursor.
Alt + d   Delete the Word after the cursor.

Ctrl + w Cut the Word before the cursor to the clipboard.
Ctrl + y   Paste the last thing to be cut

Ctrl + t   Swap the last two characters before the cursor (typo).
Alt + t   Swap current word with previous

Alt + u   UPPER capitalize every character to the end of the current word.
Alt + l   Lower the case of every character to the end of the current word.
Alt + / Attempt to complete filename

History

Ctrl + r Search the history backwards.
Ctrl + g Escape from history searching mode
!! Execute last command in history
!abc Execute last command in history beginning with abc
!n Execute n-th command in history

Other

Ctrl + x @ Show possible hostname completions.

Terminal Alt Shortcut Key Problem

Alt activate the menu item

Gnome Terminal 預設按 alt 會切換到 menu item. 但這會造成 Alt+f/Alt+b 無法使用， 如果想要取消這個功能可以在選單 Edit->Keyboard Shortcut 內把
"Enable menu access keys"
"Enable the menu shortcut key"
都移除勾選


Alt+left / Alt+right key  no use


在 Window/Putty 時，沒有這個問題，但在 Gnome Terminal 就出現了這個問題
檢查了一下 Alt+left key 的值， 發現在兩個環境內收到的不一樣!?

在 putty 環境內
# press Alt+left key
$ read
^[^[[D

# press Alt + right key
$ read
^[^[[C

在 gnome terminal 內
# press Alt+left key
$ read                              
^[[1;3D

# press Alt + right key
$ read
^[[1;3C

http://blog.simplicitymedialtd.co.uk/457/making-alt-leftalt-right-work-in-gnome-terminal-like-putty


目前還是不清楚為什麼會有這樣的狀況，但快速解法是修改 /etc/inputrc or ~/.inputrc
以滿足兩個狀況下的 Alt+array key 都能發揮作用

cat .inputrc
# mapping for alt+left-arrow and alt+right-arrow for word moving
"\e[1;3D": backward-word
"\e[1;3C": forward-word
"\e\e[C": forward-word
"\e\e[D": backward-word


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2013年5月27日 星期一

Multiple Connection Manager

在 Window 上

在 Linux 上， 我找到有兩個可以使用
          中文介紹
          http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/foss-programs/8188-pacmanager

我自己選擇使用 Gnome Connection Manager, PAC 的功能太多, 一時間覺得有點眼光瞭亂, 不如就先用陽春的 GCM, 另一個選擇他的理由是它是用 Python 寫的， PAC 是用Perl 寫的， 對 Perl 實在沒什麼好感。

2013/05/31 Update:
寫信給 kuthulu.com ， 想不到很快的就得到回答

editing the file /usr/share/gnome-connection-manager/gnome-connection-manager.glade

look for the following items:
menuitem1, menuitem7, menuitem5, menuitem6, menuitem4

and change
<property name="use_underline">True</property>
to
<property name="use_underline">False</property>

下方是我改過的檔案內容，改過之後 alt+f, alt+b 就可以使用了!
$ grep -P 'id=\"menuitem\d\"' /usr/share/gnome-connection-manager/gnome-connection-manager.glade -A 3
            <widget class="GtkMenuItem" id="menuitem1">
              <property name="visible">True</property>
              <property name="label" translatable="yes">_Archivo</property>
              <property name="use_underline">False</property>
--
            <widget class="GtkMenuItem" id="menuitem7">
              <property name="visible">True</property>
              <property name="label" translatable="yes">_Editar</property>
              <property name="use_underline">False</property>
--
                <widget class="GtkMenuItem" id="menuitem9">
                  <property name="visible">True
                  <property name="label" translatable="yes">Comandos personalizados</property>
                  
--
            <widget class="GtkMenuItem" id="menuitem5">
              <property name="visible">True</property>
              <property name="label" translatable="yes">_Ver</property>
              <property name="use_underline">False</property>
--
            <widget class="GtkMenuItem" id="menuitem6">
              <property name="visible">True</property>
              <property name="label" translatable="yes">_Servidores</property>
              <property name="use_underline">False
--
            <widget class="GtkMenuItem" id="menuitem4">
              <property name="visible">True</property>
              <property name="label" translatable="yes">Ay_uda</property>
              <property name="use_underline">False</property>

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麥肯錫 12 technologies driving the future

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Perl 語言編程第四版筆記(三)

Chapter 9 Data Structures


Arrays of Arrays


# Assign a list of array references to an array.
my @AoA = (
     ["fred", "barney" ],
     ["george", "jane", "elroy" ],
     ["homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);

print $AoA[2][1]; # prints "marge"
print $AoA[2]–>[1] # same command of previous one

# Create a reference to an array of array references.
my $ref_to_AoA = [
    [ "fred", "barney", "pebbles", "bamm bamm", "dino", ],
    [ "homer", "bart", "marge", "maggie", ],
    [ "george", "jane", "elroy", "judy", ],
];

print $ref_to_AoA–>[2][3];  # prints "judy"
print $ref_to_AoA->[2]->[3]; #same command of previous one

A CPAN module that we like to use for displaying our data dumps is Data::Dump. 

use v5.14;
use Data::Dump qw(dump);
# for push on scalars
# CPAN module
my @AoA = (
    [ "fred", "barney" ],
    [ "george", "jane", "elroy" ],
    [ "homer", "marge", "bart" ],
);
push $AoA[0], "wilma", "betty";
dump \@AoA;

When constructing an array of arrays, remember to compose new references for
the subarrays. Otherwise, you will just create an array containing the element
counts of the subarrays.

$AoA[$i] = @array;          # Wrong!!
$AoA[$i] = [ @array ];      # Safest, sometimes fastest
$AoA[$i] = \@array;         # Fast but risky, depends on my–ness of array
@{ $AoA[$i] } = @array;     # A bit tricky


Chapter 10 Packages

The contents of a package are collectively called a symbol table. Symbol tables are stored in a hash whose name is the same as the package, but with two colons appended. The symbol table for the Red::Blue package is named %Red::Blue::.

Inside a symbol table’s hash, each key/value pair matches a variable name to its value. The keys are the symbol identifiers, and the values are the corresponding typeglobs. The following have (nearly) the same effect

*sym = *main::variable;
*sym = $main::{"variable"};

Print out the package hash table.

foreach $symname (sort keys %main::) {
    local *sym = $main::{$symname};
    print "\$$symname is defined\n" if defined $sym;
    print "\@$symname is nonnull\n" if         @sym;
    print "\%$symname is nonnull\n" if         %sym;
}




*PI = \3.14159265358979;
use constant PI => 3.14159;
*PI = sub () { 3.14159 };

The following are all equivalent to one another, though the first two compute the symbol table entry at compile time, while the last two do so at run time.
*sym = *oldvar;
*sym = \*oldvar;        # autodereference
*sym = *{"oldvar"};     # explicit symbol table lookup
*sym = "oldvar";        # implicit symbol table lookup

If you think about it sideways, the typeglob itself can be viewed as a kind of hash,
with entries for the different variable types in it. In this case, the keys are fixed,
since a typeglob can contain exactly one scalar, one array, one hash, and so on.

*pkg::sym{SCALAR}         # same as \$pkg::sym
*pkg::sym{ARRAY}          # same as \@pkg::sym
*pkg::sym{HASH}           # same as \%pkg::sym
*pkg::sym{CODE}           # same as \&pkg::sym
*pkg::sym{GLOB}           # same as \*pkg:;sym
*pkg::sym{IO}             # internal file/dir handle, no direct equivalent
*pkg::sym{NAME}           # "sym" (not a reference)
*pkg::sym{PACKAGE}        # "pkg" (not a reference)

sub identify_typeglob {
    my $glob = shift;
    print "You gave me ", *{$glob}{PACKAGE}, "::", *{$glob}{NAME}, "\n";
}

identify_typeglob(*identify_typeglob);  # print out "You gave me main::identify_typeglob"

The special symbol __PACKAGE__ contains the current package name

Autoloading


Skip First

Chapter 11 Modules

The opposite of use is no. The syntax :

no MODULE;
no MODULE LIST;
no MODULE VERSION;
no MODULE VERSION LIST;





















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Perl 語言編程第四版筆記(二)














Chapter 5 Pattern Matching



Skip first for time reason.





Chapter 6 Unicode



Skip first for time reason.





Chapter 7 Subroutines





sub NAME             BLOCK

sub NAME PROTO ATTRS BLOCK

sub NAME             BLOCK

sub NAME PROTO ATTRS BLOCK



To create an anonymous subroutine or closure, leave out the NAME.



To call subroutines directly,

NAME(LIST)    # & is optional with parentheses.

NAME LIST     # Parens optional if sub predeclared/imported.

&NAME         # Exposes current @_ to that subroutine,



To call subroutines indirectly (by name or by reference)

&$subref(LIST)   # The & is not optional on indirect call

$subref–>(LIST)  # (unless using infix notation).

&$subref         # Exposes current @_ to that subroutine.































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Perl 語言編程第四版筆記(一)














Chapter 3 Unary and Binary Operators



Binary x is the repetition operator.

In scalar context, it returns a concatenated string consisting of the left operand repeated the number of times specified by the right operand.




print "–" x 80;        # print row of dashes




In list context, if the left operand is a list in parentheses or is a list formed by qw/STRING/, the x works as a list replicator rather than a string replicator.




my @ones = (1) x 80;      # a list of 80 1's
@ones = (5) x @ones;      # set all elements to 5

my %hash;
my @keys = qw(perls before swine);
@hash{@keys} = ("") x @keys;








Smart Match



So ~~ is often best read aloud as “matches” or “matches any of”, because the left operand submits itself to be accepted or rejected by the right operand.




        

   Left   Right   Description   Like  


   Any   undef   Check whether Any is undefined     !defined Any   


   Any   ARRAY   Smartmatch each ARRAY  element     grep { Any ~~ $_ } ARRAY   


   Any   HASH   HASH key existence     exists HASH–>{Any}   


   Any   Object   Invoke ~~ overloading on  Object, or die     


  


   Any   CODE   Sub passed Any returns true     CODE–>(Any)   


   Any   Regexp   Pattern match    Any =~ /Regexp/   


   Any   Num   Numeric equality     Any == Num   


   Any   Any   String equality     Any eq Any   


   


   


   


   


  


   undef   ARRAY   undef in ARRAY     grep { !defined } ARRAY   


   undef   HASH   Always false (undef can’t be a  key)     0 == 1   


   


   


   


   


  


   ARRAY1   ARRAY2   Recurse on paired elements of  

ARRAY1 and ARRAY2  		   (ARRAY1[0] ~~ ARRAY2[0])  && (ARRAY1[1] ~~  ARRAY2[1])    && ...   


   ARRAY   HASH   Any ARRAY elements exist as  HASH keys     grep { exists HASH–>{$_} }  ARRAY   


   ARRAY     CODE   Sub returns true on all ARRAY  elements     !grep { !CODE–>($_) }  ARRAY   


   ARRAY   Regexp   Any ARRAY elements pattern  match Regexp     grep { /Regexp/ } ARRAY   


   


   


   


   


  


   HASH1   HASH2   All same keys in both HASH   keys HASH1 == grep  { exists HASH2–>{$_} }  keys HASH1   


   HASH   CODE   Sub returns true on all HASH  keys     !grep { !CODE–>($_) } keys 

HASH 		  


   HASH   Regexp   Any HASH keys pattern match  Regexp   grep { /Regexp/ } keys  HASH   


   


   


   


   


  


   Num   numlike   Numeric equality     num == numlike  









Range Operators




my @alphabet = ("A" .. "Z");
my $hexdigit = (0 .. 9, "a" .. "f")[$num & 15]
my @z2 = ("01" .. "31");
print $z2[$mday];
my @combos = ("aa" .. "zz");
use charnames "greek";
my @greek_small = ("\N{alpha}" .. "\N{omega}");






Logical and, or, not, and xor




my $x,$y,$z,$xyz;

$x = 0;
$y = 1;
$z = 5;

$xyz = $x || $y || $z;  # output 1

$xyz = $x or $y or $z;  # wrong, it will execute "="  before "or",  output 0

$xyz = ( $x or $y or $z );  # correct, output 1







Chapter 4 Statements and Declarations





Compound Statements



if (EXPR) BLOCK

if (EXPR) BLOCK else BLOCK

if (EXPR) BLOCK elsif (EXPR) BLOCK ...

if (EXPR) BLOCK elsif (EXPR) BLOCK ... else BLOCK



unless (EXPR) BLOCK

unless (EXPR) BLOCK else BLOCK

unless (EXPR) BLOCK elsif (EXPR) BLOCK ...

unless (EXPR) BLOCK elsif (EXPR) BLOCK ... else BLOCK



given (EXPR) BLOCK



LABEL while (EXPR) BLOCK

LABEL while (EXPR) BLOCK continue BLOCK     # for loop 的變形



LABEL until (EXPR) BLOCK

LABEL until (EXPR) BLOCK continue BLOCK



LABEL for (EXPR; EXPR; EXPR) BLOCK



LABEL foreach (LIST) BLOCK

LABEL foreach (LIST) BLOCK continue BLOCK

LABEL foreach VAR (LIST) BLOCK

LABEL foreach VAR (LIST) BLOCK continue BLOCK



LABEL BLOCK

LABEL BLOCK continue BLOCK





given statement




use feature ":5.10";
given ($n) {
    # match if !defined($n)
    when (undef) {
        say '$n is undefined';
    }

    # match if $n eq "foo"
    when ("foo") {
        say '$n is the string "foo"';
    }

    # match if $n ~~ [1,3,5,7,9]
    when ([1,3,5,7,9]) {
        say '$n is an odd digit';
        continue; # Fall through!!
    }

    # match if $n < 100
        when ($_ < 100) {
        say '$n is numerically less than 100';
    }

    # match if complicated_check($n)
    when (\&complicated_check) {
        say 'a complicated check for $n is true';
    }

    # match if no other cases match
    default {
        die q(I don't know what to do with $n);
    }
}





Loop>

The syntax for the loop-control operators is:

last LABEL
next LABEL
redo LABEL
goto LABEL


A BLOCK by itself (labelled or not) is semantically equivalent to a loop that executes once. Thus, you can use last to leave the block or redo to restart the block. Note that this is not true of the blocks in eval {}, sub {}, or, much to everyone’s surprise, do {}.

Loop controls don’t work in an if or unless, either, since those aren’t loops. But you can always introduce an extra set of braces to give yourself a bare block,




if (/pattern/) {{
    last if /alpha/;
    last if /beta/;
    last if /gamma/;
    # do something here only if still in if()
}}




The Ellipsis Statement

Perl accepts a bare ellipsis, “...” as a stub—that is, a place holder for code that you haven’t implemented yet.



sub unimplemented { ... }
eval { unimplemented() };
if ($@ =~ /Unimplemented/) {
    say "Caught an Unimplemented exception!";
}




Scope Declaration

Perl’s three scoping declarators make
it easy to create completely private variables (using my or state), or to give selective
access to global ones (using our). There is also a pseudodeclarator to provide
temporary values to global variables (using local). These declarators are placed
in front of the variable in question




my $nose;
our $House;
state $troopers = 0;
local $TV_channel;




Pragmas


use warnings;
# or explicitly enable warnings
...
{
no warnings;
# Disable warnings through end of block.
...
}
# Warnings are automatically enabled again here.












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Perl 語言編程第四版筆記(零)
















Chapter 1 An Overview of Perl




      

   

Manpage

   

Link

   

Covers

  


   perl   http://perldoc.perl.org/perl.html   What perl manpages are available   


   perldata   http://perldoc.perl.org/perldata.html   Data types   


   perlsyn   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlsyn.html   Syntax  


   perlop   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlop.html   Operators and precedence   


   perlre   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html   Regular expressions   


   prelvar   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlvar.html   Predefined variables   


   perlsub   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlsub.html   Subroutines   


   perlfunc   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfunc.html   Built-in functions   


   perlmod   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlmod.html   How perl modules work   


   perlref   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlref.html   References   


   prelobj   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlobj.html   Objects  


   perlipc   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlipc.html   Interprocess communication   


   perlrun   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlrun.html   How to run Perl commands, plus switches   


   perldebug   http://perldoc.perl.org/perldebug.html   Debugging   


   perldiag   http://perldoc.perl.org/perldiag.html   Diagnostic messages   








      

   

Manpage

   

Link

   

Covers

  


   perlfaq1   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq1.html   General questions about Perl   


   perlfaq2   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq2.html   Obtaining and learning about Perl   


   perlfaq3   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq3.html   Programming tool s  


   perlfaq4   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq4.html   Data manipulation  


   perlfaq5   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq5.html   Files and formats  


   perlfaq6   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq6.html   Regular expressions   


   perlfaq7   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq7.html   General Perl language issues   


   perlfaq8   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq8.html   System interaction   


   perlfaq9   http://perldoc.perl.org/perlfaq9.html   Networking  







Chapter 2 bits and Pieces




print &lt<EOF;
The price is $Price.
EOF

print &lt&lt`EOC`;    # execute commands
echo hi there
echo lo there
EOC

print <<"dromedary", <<"camelid";    # you can stack them
I said bactrian.
dromedary
She said llama.
camelid


sub funkshun{
    say $_[0];
    say $_[2];
}

funkshun(<<"THIS", 23, <<'THAT');
Here's a line
or two.
THIS
And here's another.
THAT













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Postfix














Introduction
簡單版

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-install-and-setup-postfix-on-ubuntu-12-04



超級專業版

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Postfix




Installation
$ sudo apt-get install postfix
$ sudo apt-get install mailutils






Configuration
/etc/postfix/main.cf 的內容


# 改成你的 hostname, 在安裝時應該就會主動抓到目前的 hostname, 所以不用修改
myhostname = pjack-VirtualBox
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
# 預設 mail server 在本地, 但如果有其他的 mail server, 請修改 mydestination
#mydestination = pjack-VirtualBox, localhost.localdomain, , localhost
mydestination = xxx.tw.yyy.org
# 預設是空的, 有需要可以加上去
relayhost = xxx-mailrelay.tw.yyy.org






Verification


不管執行那一種, 不久後應該就會收到信了!


# 第一種測試
$ echo "test content" | mail -s "test subject" pjack.chen@gmail.com

# 第二種測試
$ sendmail sample-email@example.org
hihi
^D













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Agilefant












老闆透過這個在控制 product/project 的進行.



http://www.agilefant.org/



http://www.agilefant.org/wiki/download/attachments/98337/Agilefant+A4+Product+Tour.pdf



感覺還滿好用的, 而且是  open source, 真的有需要還可以自己 customize.























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2013年5月23日 星期四


          

        









Intermediate Perl 筆記 (三)














Chapter 13 Introduction to Objects




use Cow;
use Horse;
use Sheep;
my @pasture = qw(Cow Cow Horse Sheep Sheep);
foreach my $beast (@pasture) {
    no strict 'refs';
    &{$beast."::speak"};   # Symbolic coderef, must turn off strict
}

foreach my $beast (@pasture) {
    $beast−>speak;         # use arrow invocation, no need to turn off strict
}




Class−>method(@args) 等價於 Class::method('Class', @args) 

第一個參數會加上 "Class Name"


sub sound { 'baaaah' }
sub speak {
    my $class = shift;
    print "a $class goes ", $class−>sound, "!\n";
}






@ISA is an array, not a simple single value


use Animal;
our @ISA = qw(Animal);     # use @ISA to declare this class inherit from "Animal"
sub sound { "moooo" }




利用 parent 關鍵字來簡化宣告


use v5.10.1;
package Cow;
use parent qw(Animal);






要呼叫 parent declaration.


package Mouse;
use parent qw(Animal);
sub sound { 'squeak' }
sub speak {
　　　my $class = shift;
　　　$class−>Animal::speak(@_); # tell it where to start, but need to provide first argument
     $class−>SUPER::speak(@_);  # use SUPER keyword is ok too.
　　　print "[but you can barely hear it!]\n";
}










bless

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/392135/what-exactly-does-perls-bless-do



bless associates a reference with a package.

If the second argument is omitted, the current package/class is used.




package MyClass;
my $object = { };
bless $object, "MyClass";





sub new { 
  my $class = shift; 
  my $self = { }; 
  bless $self, $class; 
}










Chapter 14 Introduction to Testing



Skip first





Chapter 15 Objects with Data























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Intermediate Perl 筆記 (二)














Chapter 6 Manipulating Complex Data Structures

Skip first





Chapter 7 Subroutine References





Anonymous Subroutines


my $ginger = sub {
    my $person = shift;
    print "Ginger: (in a sultry voice) Well hello, $person!\n";
};
$ginger−>('Skipper');






Returning a Subroutine from a Subroutine


sub create_find_callback_that_counts {
    my $count = 0;
    return sub { print ++$count, ": $File::Find::name\n" };
}






Closure Variables

利用 closure variable，可以實做出 function generator.


use File::Find;
sub print_bigger_than {
    my $minimum_size = shift;
    return sub { print "$File::Find::name\n" if −f and −s >= $minimum_size };
}

my $bigger_than_512 = print_bigger_than(512);
find($bigger_than_512, 'bin');

my $bigger_than_1024 = print_bigger_than(1024);
find($bigger_than_1024, 'bin');




The BEGIN keyword tells the Perl compiler that as soon as this block has been parsed successfully, jump for a moment to run phase and run the block as well.




BEGIN {
    my $countdown = 10;
    sub count_down { $countdown−− }
    sub count_remaining { $countdown }
}




Local static variable, "state" key word. The state variable has a limitation, though. So far, we can initialize only scalar variable swith state. We can declare other types of variables, but we can’t initialize them:




use v5.10;
sub countdown {
    state $countdown = 10;
    $countdown−−;
}

sub add_to_tab {
    state @castaways = qw(Ginger Mary Ann Gilligan); # compilation error
    state %tab = map { $_, 0 } @castaways; # compilation error
    $countdown{'main'}−−;
}





But, References are scalars, so we can initialize array or hash references.




use v5.10;
sub add_to_tab {
    my $castaway = shift;
    state $castaways = qw(Ginger Mary Ann Gilligan); # works!
    state %tab = map { $_, 0 } @$castaways; # works!
    $tab−>{$castaway}++;
}








Finding Out Who We Are

To get around this, v5.16 introduces the __SUB__ token to return a reference to the current subroutine




my $sub = sub {
    state $n = 5;
    return unless $n > -1;
    say $n--;
    __SUB__->();
};
$sub->();




Dump the function code




use v5.14;
use Data::Dump qw(dump);
use Data::Dump::Streamer;

my @luxuries = qw(Diamonds Furs Caviar);

my $hash = {
Gilligan        =>  sub {say 'Gilligan'},
Skipper         =>  sub {say 'SKipper'},
'Mr. Howell'    =>  sub {say 'Mr.Howell'},
Ginger          =>  sub {say $luxuries[rand @luxuries]},
};
Dump $hash;




The Output




my (@luxuries);
@luxuries = (
              'Diamonds',
              'Furs',
              'Caviar'
            );
$HASH1 = {
           Gilligan     => sub {
                             use strict 'refs';
                             BEGIN {
                               $^H{'feature_unicode'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_say'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_state'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_switch'} = q(1);
                             }
                             say 'Gilligan';
                           },
           Ginger       => sub {
                             use strict 'refs';
                             BEGIN {
                               $^H{'feature_unicode'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_say'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_state'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_switch'} = q(1);
                             }
                             say $luxuries[rand @luxuries];
                           },
           "Mr. Howell" => sub {
                             use strict 'refs';
                             BEGIN {
                               $^H{'feature_unicode'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_say'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_state'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_switch'} = q(1);
                             }
                             say 'Mr.Howell';
                           },
           Skipper      => sub {
                             use strict 'refs';
                             BEGIN {
                               $^H{'feature_unicode'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_say'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_state'} = q(1);
                               $^H{'feature_switch'} = q(1);
                             }
                             say 'SKipper';
                           }
         };










Chapter 8 Filehandle References

Skip first





Chapter 9 Regular Expression References

Skip first





Chapter 10 Practical Reference Tricks

Skip first





Chapter 11 Building Larger Programs

Skip first





Chapter 12 Creating Your Own Perl Distribution

Skip first









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Formatter in EPIC












Eclipse 內有 Formatter 的功能， 但 EPIC 預設的格式我不太喜歡， 在 perference 內可以設定的選項都不太符合我的需求，查了一下發現他是利用 PerlTidy 來做 formatter.



http://www.epic-ide.org/guide/ch02s04.php

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3724257/how-to-format-perl-code











PerlTidy









Installation



以下的安裝除了裝 PerlTidy, 還有裝 Tidyview


$ sudo apt-get install libx11-dev
$ sudo apt-get install perltidy
$ sudo apt-get install perl-tk
$ sudo cpan install Tk
$ sudo cpan install TK::DiffText
$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/perltidy/perltidy_20121207-1_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i perltidy_20121207-1_all.deb
$ wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/tidyview/files/latest/download -O tidyview.tar.gz
$ tar xzvf tidyview.tar.gz
$ cd tidyview*
$ cat README
To install this module, run the following commands:

    perl Makefile.PL
    make
    make test
    make install

DEPENDENCIES

Tk
Log::Log4perl
perltidy

$ perl Makefile.PL
$ make
$ make install






/etc/perltidyrc



之後就可以利用 tidyview 來找出你的要設定， 並且 output 成一個設定檔， 把它放到 /etc/perltidyrc









我的內容長這個樣子, 可以參考看看




# ON-OFF style options                                                                                                         
--break-after-all-operators
--no-break-before-all-operators
--no-closing-side-comments
--cuddled-else
--no-ignore-side-comment-lengths
--no-indent-closing-brace
--no-indent-spaced-block-comments
--no-line-up-parentheses
--no-outdent-long-comments


--no-outdent-long-quotes
--no-space-function-paren

# Numeric-value style options

--maximum-line-length=120

# Text-value style options


# Color options


# List-selection style options

--brace-tightness=2
--maximum-line-length=120
--paren-tightness=2
--paren-vertical-tightness=2
--square-bracket-tightness=2

# options not supported by tidyview







Configuration in EPIC



其實放到 /etc/perltidyrc 後, EPIC 就會自動讀取這個檔案, 但我發現 EPIC 會主動加上 --maximum-line-length=80, 導致我在設定檔內的設定失效. 所以如果遇到這個狀況, 我的解決方式是在 EPIC 內多加上一個 -l=120,























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2013年5月20日 星期一


          

        









[轉] 完全看懂 Core i3、i5、i7 筆電處理器規格



















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2013年5月13日 星期一


          

        









Intermediate Perl 筆記 (一)











Chapter 2 Using Modules



use lib '/Users/gilligan/lib';



The use lib indeed runs at compile time, so this also doesn’t work


my $LIB_DIR = '/Users/gilligan/lib';
...
use lib $LIB_DIR;    # BROKEN
use Navigation::SeatOfPants;



Fix it with "use constant"




use constant LIB_DIR => '/Users/gilligan/lib';
...
use lib LIB_DIR;
use Navigation::SeatOfPants;




Setting the Path Outside the program


solution 1: using global variable


export PERL5LIB=/home/skipper/perl−lib



solution 2: assign include path on the command line


% perl −I/home/skipper/perl−lib /home/skipper/bin/get_us_home






Chapter 3 Intermediate Foundations
List Operation
my @input_numbers = (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64);
my @result = map $_ + 100, @input_numbers;          # output 101, 102, 104, ...
my @result = map { $_, 3 * $_ } @input_numbers;     # output 1, 3, 2, 6, 4, 12, ...
my %hash = map { $_, 3 * $_ } @input_numbers;       # output hash { 1=>3, 2=> 6, ...}




Dereferencing the Array Reference



@ skipper                   # refer to the array
@{ $ref_skipper }           # refer to the array by reference
@$ref_skipper               # getting braces off if it is a simple scalar variable




Checking Reference Types





use Carp qw(croak);
sub show_hash {
    my $hash_ref = shift;
    my $ref_type = ref $hash_ref;
    croak "I expected a hash reference!" unless $ref_type eq 'HASH';
    croak "I expected a hash reference!" unless $ref_type eq ref {};   # another way

    foreach my $key ( %$hash_ref ) {
        ...
    }
}

# another way to accepts all objects that support "keys" function, not only hash object

use Scalar::Util qw(reftype);
sub show_hash2 {
    my $hash_ref = shift;
    my $ref_type = reftype $hash_ref; # works with objects
    croak "I expected a hash reference!" unless eval { keys %$ref_type; 1 };
    foreach my $key ( %$hash_ref ) {
        ...
    }
}





Chapter 5 References and Scoping


Nothing noted.









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2013年5月9日 星期四


          

        









System-wide environment variables in Ubuntu













要怎麼新增一個 system-wide global environment 可參考以下這篇



https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EnvironmentVariables




  • /etc/environment - This file is specifically meant for system-wide environment variable settings. It is not a script file, but rather consists of assignment expressions, one per line. Specifically, this file stores the system-wide locale and path settings.
    • 

Not recommended:
  • /etc/profile - This file gets executed whenever a bash login shell is entered (e.g. when logging in from the console or over ssh), as well as by the DisplayManager when the desktop session loads. This is probably the file you will get referred to when asking veteran UNIX system administrators about environment variables. In Ubuntu, however, this file does little more than invoke the /etc/bash.bashrc file.
    • 

  • /etc/bash.bashrc - This is the system-wide version of the ~/.bashrc file. Ubuntu is configured by default to execute this file whenever a user enters a shell or the desktop environment.

    

    • 



如果加在 /etc/bash.bashrc 內, sudo xxxx, 的時候不會發揮作用, 因為沒有真的 login

有些時候希望sudoer 能繼承自己的 local variable, 可以使用以下方式, 把 env_reset 換成 env_keep




# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#

#Defaults       env_reset
Defaults        env_keep+="PERL5LIB"











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Perl 學習手冊第六版筆記(五)











Chapter 14 Strings and Sorting



String Functions


index, rindex, substr, sprintf, 




String & Number Compare



sub by_number { $a <=> $b }
sub by_code_point { $a cmp $b }




Chapter 15 Smart Matching


http://perldoc.perl.org/perlsyn.html




use 5.010001;
say "I found a key matching 'Fred'" if %names ~~ /Fred/;




say "The arrays have the same elements!"
if @names1 ~~ @names2;




    

       Example

       Type of match

  


       %a ~~ %b  

       hash keys identical 

  


       %a ~~ @b or @a ~~ %b  

       at least one key in %a is in @b 

  


       %a ~~ /Fred/ or /Fred/ ~~ %b  

       at least one key matches pattern 

  


       'Fred' ~~ %a  

       exists $a{Fred} 

  


       @a ~~ @b  

       arrays are the same 

  


       @a ~~ /Fred/  

       at least one element in @a matches pattern 

  


       $name ~~ undef  

       $name is not defined 

  


       $name ~~ /Fred/  

       pattern match 

  


       123 ~~ ’123.0’  

       numeric equality with “numish” string 

  


       ’Fred’ ~~ ’Fred’  

       string equality 

  


       123 ~~ 456  

       numeric equality 

  





The given Statement


Don't need to type "break" for each case. But you can add "continue", Perl tries next condition.




given ( $ARGV[0] ) {
    when ( 'Fred' )     {say 'Name is Fred' }
    when ( /fred/i )    {say 'Name has fred in it' }
    when ( /\AFred/ )   {say 'Name starts with Fred' }
    default             {say "I don't see a Fred" }
}






foreach ( @names ) { # don't use a named variable!
    when ( /fred/i )  { say 'Name has fred in it'; continue }
    when ( /\AFred/ ) { say 'Name starts with Fred'; continue }
    when ( 'Fred' )   { say 'Name is Fred'; }
    default           {say "I don't see a Fred" }
}






Chapter 16 Process Management



The system Function



system 'date';
exec 'date';
my $now = `date`;
my $output = qx(echo $$);
my $output = qx'echo $$';
my @who_lines = `who`;    #automatically get the data broken up by lines




Processes as File Handles


Pipe goes before or after the command that you want to run.

If you want a read filehandle, you use -|, and if you want a write filehandle, you use |- to show which side of the pipe you want to place the command.






open DATE, 'date|' or die "cannot pipe from date: $!";              # same as  date | my_program
open MAIL, '|mail merlyn' or die "cannot pipe to mail: $!";         # same as  my_program | mail merlyn
open my $date_fh, '-|', 'date' or die "cannot pipe from date: $!";
open my $mail_fh, '|-', 'mail merlyn' or die "cannot pipe to mail: $!";






Getting Down and Dirty with Fork
http://perldoc.perl.org/perlipc.html




Sending and Receiving Signals



Some Advanced Perl Techniques
Slices
#### Array Slice ########
my @names = qw{ zero one two three four five six seven eight nine };
my @numbers = ( @names )[ 9, 0, 2, 1, 0 ];
print "Bedrock @numbers\n"; # says Bedrock nine zero two one zero

#### Hash Slice ########
my @three_scores = ($score{"barney"}, $score{"fred"}, $score{"dino"});
my @three_scores = @score{ qw/ barney fred dino/ };





Trapping Errors
eval


As soon as the eval encounters a normally fatal error, it stops the entire block and continues with the rest

of the program. Notice that semicolon after the eval block. The return value of the eval is the last evaluated expression, just like a subroutine. If the eval caught a fatal error, it returns undef and puts the error

message in the $@ special variable, perhaps something like: Illegal division by zero

at my_program line 12.




my $barney = eval { $fred / $dino } // 'NaN';
if ($@) {
    print "An error occurred ($@), continuing\n";
}




Try::Tiny



use 5.010;
my $barney =
    try { 
        $fred / $dino 
    } catch {
        say "Error was $_"; # not $@
    } finally {
        say @_ ? 'There was an error' : 'Everything worked';
    };




autodie



use autodie;
open my $fh, '<', $filename; # still dies on error



Combine with Try:Tiny

se 5.010;
use autodie;
use Try::Tiny;
try {
    open my $fh, '<', $filename; # still dies on error
} catch {
    when( 'open' ) { say 'Got an open error' }
};





grep


my @odd_numbers = grep { $_ % 2 } 1..1000;



map


my @data = (4.75, 1.5, 2, 1234, 6.9456, 12345678.9, 29.95);
my @formatted_data = map { &big_money($_) } @data;



List::Util & List::MoreUtils 


use List::Util qw(first);
my $first_match = first { /\bPebbles\b/i } @characters;

use List::Util qw(sum);
my $total = sum( 1..1000 ); # 500500

use List::Util qw(max);
my $max = max( 3, 5, 10, 4, 6 );

use List::Util qw(maxstr);
my $max = maxstr( @strings );

use List::Util qw(shuffle);
my @shuffled = shuffle(1..1000); # randomized order of elements

use List::MoreUtils qw(none any all);
if (none { $_ > 100 } @numbers) {
    print "No elements over 100\n"
} elsif (any { $_ > 50 } @numbers) {
    print "Some elements over 50\n";
} elsif (all { $_ < 10 } @numbers) {
    print "All elements are less than 10\n";
}

use List::MoreUtils qw(natatime);
my $iterator = natatime 3, @array;
while( my @triad = $iterator->() ) {
    print "Got @triad\n";
}

use List::MoreUtils qw(mesh);
my @abc = 'a' .. 'z';
my @numbers = 1 .. 20;
my @dinosaurs = qw( dino );
my @large_array = mesh @abc, @numbers, @dinosaurs;












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